É por isso que os placebos ainda vendem!

[kusanagi]

Enquanto ninguém começar a questionar as fórmulas, os componentes ativos ao invés de olhas os lindos e coloridos rótulos, dizer sem pensar nas siglas fonéticas, e fotos de fisiculturistas já famosos patrocinados por marcas de suplementos ridículos, essa merda toda ainda vai vender.

Natubolic vende por anos, e porquê ? Porquê ainda há quem compre.

Muitos pensarão, que já sabem disso, mas muitos desses usam suplementos que nem sabe exatamente oq são, alguns exemplos :

No2, ou geradores de óxido nítrico, são simplesmente em 90% dos casos suplementos protéicos com altas concentrações do aminoácido L-arginina, um aminoácido simplesmente encontrado em qualquer suplemento protéico comum, e em ótimas dosagens queiram saber.

Não venham tentar argumentar que ele deve ser consumido separadamente de outros aminoácidos, tanto que isso não acontece em muitos dos famosos "geradores de óxido nítrico", não existem estudos realmente sérios que provem sua eficácia, e além disso, qualquer um pode pegar um livro de fisiologia ou se conseguir um de imunologia e checar suas consequencias no sistema imunológico e até muscular em altas dosagens por longos períodos.

Assim como este existem vários suplementos que não tem funcionamento comprovado e em estudos demonstraram não funcionar em nada, como GH sublingual, HMB, glutamina, e muitos outros, só que estes nunca irão sair do mercado se ninguém começar a não só a questionar e como também boicotar essase meerdas.

[Visitante Punisher_BR]

up!

falou e disse!!

[Abboud]

Mto verdade isso ai, mas eh aquele negocio, nego vai aprender sobre suplementos aonde? Numa loja de suplementos. Ou seja, burrice neh. Eu tava flando com um amigo britanico e ele tava me explicando q tanto la qto nos EUA o oxido nitrico num pego tanto, pelo preco e pelos produtos q tem na concorrencia, como a creatina q eh mto melhor, tem eficiencia mais q comprovada e eh bem mais barata. E tb se for cita o q num funciona kra da pra fazer uma lista, a comecar pelas vergonhas nacionais (natubolic, nitro NO2 da prob, nitro HMG, e por ai vai).

[Cavok]

Concordo, uma conscientização maior dos consumidores de suplementos e ações da ANVISA poderiam melhorar este quadro.

[Rikcardow]

otimo topico...porem vc pecou em um aspecto!

citou glutamina como suplemento q n funciona!!!

glutamina funciona sim,zé!!

eh um exelente anti-catabolico!!

abraços

_____________________

RICARDO

[kusanagi]

Rikcardow disse:

otimo topico...porem vc pecou em um aspecto!

citou glutamina como suplemento q n funciona!!!

glutamina funciona sim,zé!!

eh um exelente anti-catabolico!!

Não sei, talvez os pesquisadores dos estudos abaixo não tenham chegado na mesma conclusão:

Effect of glutamine supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults.

 

Candow DG, Chilibeck PD, Burke DG, Davison KS, Smith-Palmer T.

 

College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.

 

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of oral glutamine supplementation combined with resistance training in young adults. A group of 31 subjects, aged 18-24 years, were randomly allocated to groups (double blind) to receive either glutamine (0.9 g x kg lean tissue mass(-1) x day(-1); n = 17) or a placebo (0.9 g maltodextrin x kg lean tissue mass(-1) x day(-1); n = 14 during 6 weeks of total body resistance training. Exercises were performed for four to five sets of 6-12 repetitions at intensities ranging from 60% to 90% 1 repetition maximum (1 RM). Before and after training, measurements were taken of 1 RM squat and bench press strength, peak knee extension torque (using an isokinetic dynamometer), lean tissue mass (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and muscle protein degradation (urinary 3-methylhistidine by high performance liquid chromatography). Repeated measures ANOVA showed that strength, torque, lean tissue mass and 3-methylhistidine increased with training (P < 0.05), with no significant difference between groups. Both groups increased their 1 RM squat by approximately 30% and 1 RM bench press by approximately 14%. The glutamine group showed increases of 6% for knee extension torque, 2% for lean tissue mass and 41% for urinary levels of 3-methylhistidine. The placebo group increased knee extension torque by 5%, lean tissue mass by 1.7% and 3-methylhistidine by 56%. We conclude that glutamine supplementation during resistance training has no significant effect on muscle performance, body composition or muscle protein degradation in young healthy adults.-----------------------------------------------

 

J Strength Cond Res 2002 Feb;16(1):157-60

The effects of high-dose glutamine ingestion on weightlifting performance

 

Antonio J, Sanders MS, Kalman D, Woodgate D, Street C.

 

Sports Science Laboratory, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA.

 

The purpose of this study was to determine if high-dose glutamine ingestion affected weightlifting performance. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study, 6 resistance-trained men (mean +/- SE: age, 21.5 +/- 0.3 years; weight, 76.5 +/- 2.8 kg(-1)) performed weightlifting exercises after the ingestion of glutamine or glycine (0.3 g x kg(-1)) mixed with calorie-free fruit juice or placebo (calorie-free fruit juice only). Each subject underwent each of the 3 treatments in a randomized order. One hour after ingestion, subjects performed 4 total sets of exercise to momentary muscular failure (2 sets of leg presses at 200% of body weight, 2 sets of bench presses at 100% of body weight). There were no differences in the average number of maximal repetitions performed in the leg press or bench press exercises among the 3 groups. These data indicate that the short-term ingestion of glutamine does not enhance weightlifting performance in resistance-trained men.

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Int J Sports Med 2000 Jan;21(1):25-30 Related Articles, Links

 

 

The effect of free glutamine and peptide ingestion on the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis in man.

 

van Hall G, Saris WH, van de Schoor PA, Wagenmakers AJ.

 

Department of Human Biology, Maastricht University, The Netherlands.

 

The present study investigated previous claims that ingestion of glutamine and of protein-carbohydrate mixtures may increase the rate of glycogen resynthesis following intense exercise. Eight trained subjects were studied during 3 h of recovery while consuming one of four drinks in random order. Drinks were ingested in three 500 ml boluses, immediately after exercise and then after 1 and 2 h of recovery. Each bolus of the control drink contained 0.8 g x kg(-1) body weight of glucose. The other drinks contained the same amount of glucose and 0.3 g x kg(-1) body weight of 1) glutamine, 2) a wheat hydrolysate (26% glutamine) and 3) a whey hydrolysate (6.6% glutamine). Plasma glutamine, decreased by approximately 20% during recovery with ingestion of the control drink, no changes with ingestion of the protein hydrolysates drinks, and a 2-fold increase with ingestion of the free glutamine drinks. The rate of glycogen resynthesis was not significantly different in the four tests: 28 +/- 5, 26 +/- 6, 33 +/- 4, and 34 +/- 3 mmol glucosyl units x kg(-1) dry weight muscle x h(-1) for the control, glutamine, wheat- and whey hydrolysate ingestion, respectively. It is concluded that ingestion of a glutamine/carbohydrate mixture does not increase the rate of glycogen resynthesis in muscle. Glycogen resynthesis rates were higher, although not statistically significant, after ingestion of the drink containing the wheat (21 +/- 8%) and whey protein hydrolysate (20 +/- 6%) compared to ingestion of the control and free glutamine drinks, implying that further research is needed on the potential protein effect.

 

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Metabolism 2000 Dec;49(12):1555-60 Related Articles, Links

 

 

Intravenous glutamine does not stimulate mixed muscle protein synthesis in healthy young men and women.

 

Zachwieja JJ, Witt TL, Yarasheski KE.

 

Exercise and Nutrition Program, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.

 

We investigated the effects of a glutamine-supplemented amino acid mixture on vastus lateralis muscle protein synthesis rate in healthy young men and women. Three men and 3 women (27.8 +/- 2.0 yr, 22.2 +/- 1.0 body mass index [bMI], 56.1 +/- 4.5 kg lean body mass [LBM]) received a 14-hour primed, constant intravenous infusion of L[1-13C]leucine to evaluate the fractional rate of mixed muscle protein synthesis. In addition to tracer administration, a clinically relevant amino acid mixture supplemented with either glutamine or glycine in amounts isonitrogenous to glutamine, was infused. Amino acid mixtures were infused on separate occasions in random order at a rate of 0.04 g/kg/h (glutamine at approximately 0.01 g/kg/h) with at least 2 weeks between treatment. For 2 days before and on the day of an infusion, dietary intake was controlled so that each subject received 1.5 g protein/kg/d. Compared with our previous report in the postabsorptive state, amino acid infusion increased the fractional rate of mixed muscle protein synthesis by 48% (P < .05); however, the addition of glutamine to the amino acid mixture did not further elevate muscle protein synthesis rate (ie, 0.071% +/- 0.008%/h for amino acids + glutamine v 0.060% +/- 0.008%/h for amino acids + glycine; P = .316). Plasma glutamine concentrations were higher (P < .05) during the glutamine-supplemented infusion, but free intramuscular glutamine levels were not increased (P = .363). Both plasma and free intramuscular glycine levels were increased when extra glycine was included in the infused amino acid mixture (both P < .0001). We conclude that intravenous infusion of amino acids increases the fractional rate of mixed muscle protein synthesis, but addition of glutamine to the amino acid mixture does not further stimulate muscle protein synthesis rate in healthy young men and women.

 

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J Appl Physiol 2002 Sep;93(3):813-22 Related Articles, Links

 

 

Exercise-induced immunodepression- plasma glutamine is not the link.

 

Hiscock N, Pedersen BK.

 

Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

 

The amino acid glutamine is known to be important for the function of some immune cells in vitro. It has been proposed that the decrease in plasma glutamine concentration in relation to catabolic conditions, including prolonged, exhaustive exercise, results in a lack of glutamine for these cells and may be responsible for the transient immunodepression commonly observed after acute, exhaustive exercise. It has been unclear, however, whether the magnitude of the observed decrease in plasma glutamine concentration would be great enough to compromise the function of immune cells. In fact, intracellular glutamine concentration may not be compromised when plasma levels are decreased postexercise. In addition, a number of recent intervention studies with glutamine feeding demonstrate that, although the plasma concentration of glutamine is kept constant during and after acute, strenuous exercise, glutamine supplementation does not abolish the postexercise decrease in in vitro cellular immunity, including low lymphocyte number, impaired lymphocyte proliferation, impaired natural killer and lymphokine-activated killer cell activity, as well as low production rate and concentration of salivary IgA. It is concluded that, although the glutamine hypothesis may explain immunodepression related to other stressful conditions such as trauma and burn, plasma glutamine concentration is not likely to play a mechanistic role in exercise-induced immunodepression

 

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Effect of glutamine and protein supplementation on exercise-induced decreases in salivary IgA.

 

Krzywkowski K, Petersen EW, Ostrowski K, Link-Amster H, Boza J, Halkjaer-Kristensen J, Pedersen BK.

 

The Copenhagen Muscle Research Centre, Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.

 

Postexercise immune impairment has been linked to exercise-induced decrease in plasma glutamine concentration. This study examined the possibility of abolishing the exercise-induced decrease in salivary IgA through glutamine supplementation during and after intense exercise. Eleven athletes performed cycle ergometer exercise for 2 h at 75% of maximal oxygen uptake on 3 separate days. Glutamine (a total of 17.5 g), protein (a total of 68.5 g/6.2 g protein-bound glutamine), and placebo supplements were given during and up to 2 h after exercise. Unstimulated, timed saliva samples were obtained before exercise and 20 min, 140 min, 4 h, and 22 h postexercise. The exercise protocol induced a decrease in salivary IgA (IgA concentration, IgA output, and IgA relative to total protein). The plasma concentration of glutamine was decreased by 15% 2 h postexercise in the placebo group, whereas this decline was abolished by both glutamine and protein supplements.None of the supplements, however, was able to abolish the decline in salivary IgA. This study does not support that postexercise decrease in salivary IgA is related to plasma glutamine concentrations.

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Effect of carb intake on plasma glutamine

 

Int J Sport Nutr 1998 Mar;8(1):49-59 Related Articles, Links

 

 

Effect of low- and high-carbohydrate diets on the plasma glutamine and circulating leukocyte responses to exercise.

 

Gleeson M, Blannin AK, Walsh NP, Bishop NC, Clark AM.

 

School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, England.

 

We examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate (CHO) diet on the plasma glutamine and circulating leukocyte responses to prolonged strenuous exercise. Twelve untrained male subjects cycled for 60 min at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake on two separate occasions, 3 days apart. All subjects performed the first exercise task after a normal diet; they completed the second exercise task after 3 days on either a high-CHO diet (75 +/- 8% CHO, n = 6) or a low-CHO diet (7 +/- 4% CHO, n = 6). The low-CHO diet was associated with a larger rise in plasma cortisol during exercise, a greater fall in the plasma glutamine concentration during recovery, and a larger neutrophilia during the postexercise period. Exercise on the high-CHO diet did not affect levels of plasma glutamine and circulating leukocytes. We conclude that CHO availability can influence the plasma glutamine and circulating leukocyte responses during recovery from intense prolonged exercise.

 

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Clin Nutr 2002 Oct;21(5):423-9 Related Articles, Links

 

 

Carbohydrate supplementation during intense exercise and the immune response of cyclists.

 

Bacurau RF, Bassit RA, Sawada L, Navarro F, Martins E Jr, Costa Rosa LF.

 

Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil.

 

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of carbohydrate supplementation upon some aspects of the immune function in athletes during intense indoor cycling. METHODS: Twelve male athletes cycled for 20 min at a velocity corresponding to 90% of that obtained at the anaerobic threshold and rested for 20 min. This protocol was repeated six times. The athletes received, during the trial, water ad libitum, or a solution of carbohydrate (95% glucose polymers and 5% fructose) at 10% (w/v), 1 g kg h every 20 min, starting at the 10th minute of the first exercise period, plus extra water ad libitum. RESULTS: Exercise induced a reduction in peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation (37%) as well as in the production of cytokines by cultured cells (interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-2 (IL-2), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), by 37%, 35%, 26% and 16%, respectively). All of these changes were prevented by the ingestion of a carbohydrate drink by the athletes, except that in IFN-gamma production, which was equally decreased (17%) after the second trial. The concentration of plasma glutamine, an important fuel for immune cells, was decreased in the placebo group but maintained in the group that received carbohydrate. CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate supplementation affects positively the immune response of cyclists by avoiding or minimizing changes in plasma glutamine concentration

________________________________________________

Excerto do "Appetite For Construction

Building Results From Research"

de John M. Berardi

Should I Spend my Hard-Earned Money on Glutamine or Hookers?

.... A high protein diet provides a big whack of glutamine as it is. In fact, if you follow standard bodybuilding protein recommendations, about 10% of your total dietary protein intake is composed of glutamine (milk proteins are composed of somewhere between 3 — 10% glutamine while meat is composed of about 15% glutamine). This means that a high protein diet (400g/day) already provides me with about 40g of glutamine.

• While the theorists still cling to the idea that since glutamine helps clinical stress, it might help with exercise stress, it‚s important to note that exercise stress has got nothin‚ on surgery, cancer, sepsis, burns, etc. For example, when compared with downhill running or weight lifting, urinary nitrogen loss is 15x (1400%) greater in minor surgery, 25x (2400%) greater in major surgery, and 33x (3200%) greater in sepsis. When it comes to the immune response, it‚s about 9x (800%) greater with surgery. When it comes to metabolic increase, it‚s 7x (600%) greater with burn injury, and when it comes to creatine kinase release; it‚s about 2x (100%) greater with surgery. As I said, exercise has got nothin‚ on real, clinical stress. It‚s like trying to compare the damage inflicted by a peashooter and that inflicted by a rocket launcher.

• The major studies examining glutamine supplementation in otherwise healthy weightlifters have shown no effect. In the study by Candow et al (2001), 0.9g of supplemental glutamine/kg/day had no impact on muscle performance, body composition, and protein degradation. Folks, that's 90g per day for some lifters.

• The majority of the studies using glutamine supplementation in endurance athletes have shown little to no measurable benefit on performance or immune function.

• And with respect to glycogen replenishment in endurance athletes, it's interesting to note that the first study that looked at glycogen resynthesis using glutamine missed a couple of things. Basically, the study showed that after a few glycogen depleting hours of cycling at a high percentage of VO2 max interspersed with very intense cycle sprints that were supramaximal, a drink containing 8g of glutamine replenished glycogen to the same extent as a drink containing 61g of carbohydrate.

The problem was that during the recovery period, a constant IV infusion of labeled glucose was given (i.e., a little bit of glucose was given to both groups by IV infusion). While this isn't too big of a deal on its own since the infusion only provided a couple of grams of glucose, the other problem is that during glycogen depleting exercise, a lot of alanine, lactate, and other gluconeogenic precursors are released from the muscle.

What this means is that there's a good amount of glucose that will be formed after such exercise, glucose that will be made in the liver from the gluconeogenic precursors and that will travel to the muscle to replenish glycogen. Therefore, without a placebo group that receives no calories, carbohydrates, or glutamine, we have no idea of knowing whether or not the placebo would have generated the same amount of glycogen replenishment as the glutamine group or the glutamine plus carbohydrate group. To say it another way, perhaps there's a normal glycogen replenishment curve that was unaffected by any of the treatments.

• And finally, with respect to the claims that glutamine might increase cell swelling/volume (something I once believed was a reality), we decided to test this theory out in our lab using multifrequency bioelectric impedance analysis as well as magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The pilot data that's kicking around has demonstrated that glutamine supplementation has no effect on total body water, intracellular fluid volumes, or extracellular fluid volumes (as measured by mBIA) and has no effect on muscle volume (as measured by nMRS)...

[kusanagi]

Ah, e só pra não reclamar que não tem nenhum em português com boas referências, vai esse do Paulo Gentil com ótimas referências, ok Zé ?

Glutamina

Paulo Gentil

29/11/2001

A glutamina é o aminoácido mais abundante no corpo humano, presente em grandes quantidades tanto no sangue quanto nos músculos e considerada essencial para o bom funcionamento do sistema imunológico.

Dentre os supostos efeitos da glutamina no músculo está a estimulação da síntese protéica, efeito potencializado pela presença de insulina.(RENNIE et al, 1994).

Outro efeito alardeado é a estimulação do hormônio do crescimento. Existem estudos onde apenas 2 gramas de glutamina elevaram as concentrações plasmáticas deste hormônio (WELBOURNE, 1995). Porém isto não significa muito, tendo em vista que os efeitos do hormônio do crescimento na hipertrofia muscular ainda são contestados e dada a pulsatilidade de sua liberação é extremamente fácil conseguir picos, até mesmo segurar a respiração pode produzir aumentos nas quantidades deste hormônio (MATVEEV et al, 1986).

Sabe-se que exercícios intensos e prolongados causam diminuição na quantidade de glutamina. Ao final de uma prova de triathlon, por exemplo, a concentração plasmática deste AA cai cerca de 22,8%, sendo tal queda relacionada com maiores riscos de infecções, segundo alguns autores (NIEMAN et al, 1991, HACK et al, 1997, PYNE et al, 1998, BASSIT et al, 2000). Porém, há quem descorde destas idéias, como HOOPER et al (1996), ROHDE et al (1998) e ROHDE et al, (1999), autores de experimentos onde as concentrações baixas de glutamina não são relacionadas com riscos de infecções induzidos pelos exercícios.

A maioria das pesquisas se preocupou com atividades cíclicas, com relação ao treino de força, os dados são menos animadores, pois apesar da concentração de glutamina ser reduzida após o treino de força, a queda não se relaciona com os danos nas fibras musculares, conforme concluíram MILES et al (1999) e GLEESON et al (1999).

Apesar de ter se mostrado eficiente em animais e pacientes debilitados (queimaduras, inanição, cirurgias...), a glutamina não é indiscutivelmente eficiente na melhora da atividade imunológica em indivíduos submetidos a exercícios (WALSH et al, 2000). Assim como não há evidências que possam levar a conclusões positivas quanto aos seus efeitos ergogênicos (HAUB et al, 1998).

Há um estudo de VARNIER et al (1995) onde foi utilizada infusão de glutamina após atividades de longa duração (90 minutos de bicicleta) e verificou-se que a disponibilidade deste aminoácido estimulou a síntese de glicogênio, no entanto, isto pode ser atribuído à possível conversão metabólica de glutamina em glicose. Nesse caso, se o objetivo for repor as reservas de glicose seria melhor poupar dinheiro e tomar apenas carboidratos, conforme verificado em 1999 por BOWTELL et al. Uma dieta equilibrada sempre é uma boa idéia e parece ser apoiada pelas conclusões de GLEESON et al (1998) e ZANKER et al (1997), para quem dietas ricas em carboidratos podem atenuar os efeitos do exercício na quantidade de glutamina e fatores imunológicos, sem haver, portanto, necessidade da suplementação.

Muitas vezes há furor em torno de determinados suplementos a partir de conclusões equivocadas manipulados por interesses econômicos. Quando vendedores se referem a glutamina, dizem que é o aminoácido mais abundante no músculo, que atua no sistema imunológico, pode auxiliar o processo de regeneração da fibra muscular e que é depletado após atividades físicas, o que podemos concluir? Nada do que parece. Podemos concluir apenas que a suplementação de glutamina pode auxiliar em estados crônicos como patologias e possivelmente no excesso de treinamento, porém sua atividade em organismos humanos normais submetidos ao treinamento físico ainda é duvidosa e certamente não trará os benefícios prometidos. Não podemos nos esquecer dos possíveis prejuízos (além dos financeiros), visto que a ingestão desequilibrada de um aminoácido pode levar ao desequilíbrio na absorção dos demais.

Referências bibliográficas

BASSIT RA, SAWADA LA, BACURAU RF, NAVARRO F, COSTA ROSA LF. The effect of BCAA supplementation upon the immune response of triathletes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2000 Jul;32(7):1214

PYNE DB, GLEESON M.Effects of intensive exercise training on immunity in athletes. Int J Sports Med 1998 Jul;19 Suppl 3:S183-91; discussion S191-4.

NIEMAN DC, NEHLSEN-CANNARELLA SL. The effects of acute and chronic exercise of immunoglobulins. Sports Med 1991 Mar;11(3):183-201

RENNIE MJ, TADROS L, KHOGALI S, AHMED A, TAYLOR PM. Glutamine transport and its metabolic effects. J Nutr 1994 Aug;124(8 Suppl):1503S-1508S

WELBOURNE TC. Increased plasma bicarbonate and growth hormone after an oral glutamine load. Am J Clin Nutr 1995 May;61(5):1058-6.1

VARNIER M, LEESE GP, THOMPSON J, RENNIE MJ. Stimulatory effect of glutamine on glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol 1995 Aug;269(2 Pt 1):E309-15

MATEEV G, DJAROVA T, ILKOV A, VARBANOVA A, NIKIFOROVA A. Human growth hormone, cortisol, and acid-base balance changes after hyperventilation and breath-holding. Int J Sports Med 1986 Dec 7:6 311-5

HACK V, WEISS C, FRIEDMANN B, SUTTNER S, SCHYKOWSKI M, ERBE N, BENNER A, BARTSCH P, DROGE W. Decreased plasma glutamine level and CD4+ T cell number in response to 8 wk of anaerobic training. Am J Physiol 1997 May;272(5 Pt 1):E788-95

HOOPER SL, MACKINNON LT. Plasma glutamine and upper respiratory tract infection during intensified training in swimmers. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1996 Mar;28(3):285-90.

WALSH NP, BLANNIN AK, BISHOP NC, ROBSON PJ, GLEESON M. Effect of oral glutamine supplementation on human neutrophil lipopolysaccharide-stimulated degranulation following prolonged exercise. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab 2000 Mar;10(1):39-50

BOWTELL JL, GELLY K, JACKMAN ML, PATEL A, SIMEONI M, RENNIE MJ. Effect of oral glutamine on whole body carbohydrate storage during recovery from exhaustive exercise. J Appl Physiol 1999 Jun;86(6):1770-7.

HAUB MD, POTTEIGER JA, NAU KL, WEBSTER MJ, ZEBAS CJ. Acute L-glutamine ingestion does not improve maximal effort exercise. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 1998 Sep;38(3):240-4.

ROHDE T, ASP S, MACLEAN DA, PEDERSEN BK Competitive sustained exercise in humans, lymphokine activated killer cell activity, and glutamine--an intervention study. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998 Oct;78(5):448-53.

GLEESON M, WALSH NP, BLANNIN AK, ROBSON PJ, COOK L, DONNELLY AE, DAY SH. The effect of severe eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage on plasma elastase, glutamine and zinc concentrations. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1998 May;77(6):543-6

ROHDE T, MACLEAN DA, PEDERSEN BK. Effect of glutamine supplementation on changes in the immune system induced by repeated exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1998 Jun;30(6):856-62

GLEESON M, BLANNIN AK, WALSH NP, BISHOP NC, CLARK AM. Effect of low- and high-carbohydrate diets on the plasma glutamine and circulating leukocyte responses to exercise. Int J Sport Nutr 1998 Mar;8(1):49-59

ZANKER CL, SWAINE IL, CASTELL LM, NEWSHOLME EA. Responses of plasma glutamine, free tryptophan and branched-chain amino acids to prolonged exercise after a regime designed to reduce muscle glycogen. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1997;75(6):543-8

[kusanagi]

BUMP !

[Rikcardow]

kusanagi!!!!!

OK!!

sinceramente n li tdos esses artigos!

mas prometo q vou mandar eles pro collemam pra ele parar de tomar glutamina 2x por dia!!de manham e no pós treino!!

prometo tbm q vou mandar esses artigos para as principais marcas de whey protein q acrescentam glutamina como a whey optium q tem 3,5g e a universal com2g de glutamina por exemplo!

sem contar o myoplex! depois desses estudos vão tirar as 12g de glutamina q tem em cada pak do deluxe

eh isso ae veio!!

abraços e bons treinos

_______________________

RICARDO

[kusanagi]

Desculpe cara, mas tu acha mesmo que ele ta do tamanho que tá pq toma glutamina ? È esse o segredo dele ?

Claro que ele toma glutamina, creatina, tudo quanto é amino e whey, ele é patrocinado pelos caras, e usa esses lixos pq ganha, não tenho contato com ele, mas com vários fisiculturistas brasileiros que não usam, será que eles não são grandes por isso ? Ahh me poupe mano, como tu pode garantir que ele usa ? Pq viu isso num vídeo dele ? È lógico que ele irá usar suplementos no treino dele e irá mostrar um treino diferente do que ele realmente faz, qualquer fisiculturista de ponta faria isso.

E porquê ?

Porque esse mercado é milionário e pra alimentar isso é necessário esse tipo de marketing, agora se você quer cair neles problema seu, é lógico que esses suplementos irão usar de todos os artifícios pra vender, isso é óbvio, GH sublingual humano não funciona, isso é fato, já que ele não chega inteiro a corrente sanguínea, mas e daí ? Mesmo assim grandes fabricantes, como a Universal que você mesmo citou fabricam, porquê ?

Pra ganhar dinheiro horas, ao perceber que os "animal pak" da universal que nada mais é que um polivitamínico com cafeína e outros ingredientes que nada servem para gerar anabolismo muscular faz sucesso a probitica tratou de criar um Animal qualquer coisa, assim como vários fabricantes, se algo dá certo isso é copiado, não importa se funcione ou não.

Quer saber pq você não leu todos os artigos ? Pq está feliz com o efeito placebo que tem ou teve com a glutamina, e não quer ver a verdade, aqueles estudos foram feitos em humanos, testados, medidos, não foi um único cara que chegou numa conclusão tirada da cabeça dele, agora se quiser acreditar nisso e outros placebos e quiser continuar dando grana pra esses fabricantes não se pode fazer nada.